SCIENCE



 ** Reviewed by GL: Good Job!

__TAXONOMY KINGDOMS OF LIFE - ENDANGERED ANIMAL IN PERU __ **


 * kingdom || || || || || || ** ANIMALIA ** || || || || ||
 * Phylum || || || || || || ** Chordata ** || || || || ||
 * Subphylum || || || || || || ** Vertebrata ** || || ||  ||  ||
 * Class || Mammalia ||  Mammalia ||  Mammalia ||  Mammalia ||  Mammalia

||  Mammalia || <span style="font-family: Arial; background-color: rgb(228, 116, 98);"> <span style="background-color: rgb(228, 116, 98);">Mammalia || <span style="background-color: rgb(228, 116, 98);">Mammalia || <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; background-color: rgb(200, 0, 255); text-align: center;"> Bird || <span style="display: block; background-color: rgb(200, 0, 255); text-align: center;">Bird ||
 * Order || <span style="display: block; color: rgb(0, 255, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;">Carnivora

|| <span style="display: block; color: rgb(0, 255, 0); text-align: center;">Carnivora || <span style="color: rgb(255, 132, 0); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Primates || Cetacea || <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Artiodactyla || <span style="color: rgb(0, 80, 255); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Sirenia || <span style="display: block; color: rgb(255, 0, 255); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">Pilosa || <span style="display: block; color: rgb(228, 116, 98); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">Rodentia || <span style="display: block; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">Apodiformes || <span style="color: rgb(84, 150, 84); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Insertae sedis ||
 * Suborder || <span style="display: block; color: rgb(0, 255, 0); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;"> Felinoformia || <span style="display: block; color: rgb(0, 255, 0); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;"> Felinoformia || <span style="color: rgb(255, 132, 0); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Hoplorrhini || Odontoceti || <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Tylopoda || <span style="color: rgb(0, 80, 255); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Sireny || <span style="display: block; color: rgb(255, 0, 255); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">Folivora || <span style="display: block; color: rgb(228, 116, 98); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">Hystricomorpha || Trochili

|| <span style="display: block; color: rgb(84, 150, 84); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">Ciconiiformes ||
 * Family || <span style="display: block; color: rgb(0, 255, 0); text-align: center;">Felidae

|| <span style="display: block; color: rgb(0, 255, 0); text-align: center;">Felidae

|| <span style="color: rgb(255, 132, 0); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Atelidae || Iniidae || <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Camelidae || <span style="color: rgb(0, 80, 255); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Trichechidae || <span style="display: block; color: rgb(255, 0, 255); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">Bradypolidae || <span style="display: block; color: rgb(228, 116, 98); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">Chinchillidae || Trochilidae || <span style="display: block; color: rgb(84, 150, 84); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">Ciconii ||
 * Sub Family || <span style="display: block; color: rgb(200, 0, 255); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">Felinae || <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Pantherinae || <span style="color: rgb(255, 132, 0); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Atelinae || Iniinae || <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Camelinae || <span style="color: rgb(0, 80, 255); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Trichechinae || <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 255); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Bradypolinae || <span style="display: block; color: rgb(228, 116, 98); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">Chinchillinae || Trochilinae || <span style="display: block; color: rgb(84, 150, 84); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">Catharteinae ||
 * Genus || <span style="display: block; color: rgb(200, 0, 255); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">Oreailurus || <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Panthera || <span style="color: rgb(255, 132, 0); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Oreonax || Inia || <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Vicugna || <span style="color: rgb(0, 80, 255); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Trichechus || <span style="display: block; color: rgb(255, 0, 255); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">Bradypus || <span style="display: block; color: rgb(228, 116, 98); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">Chinchilla || Loddigesia || <span style="display: block; color: rgb(84, 150, 84); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">Vultur ||
 * Species || <span style="display: block; color: rgb(200, 0, 255); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">Oreailurus Jacobita || <span style="display: block; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">Panthera Onca || <span style="color: rgb(255, 132, 0); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Oreonax Flavicauda || Inia Geoffrensis || <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Vicugna Vicugna || <span style="display: block; color: rgb(0, 80, 255); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">Trichechus inunguis || <span style="display: block; color: rgb(255, 0, 255); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">Bradypus variegatus || <span style="display: block; color: rgb(228, 116, 98); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">Chinchilla Chinchilla || Loddigesia Mirabilis || <span style="display: block; color: rgb(84, 150, 84); text-align: center;">Vultur gryphus ||
 * || <span style="display: block; color: rgb(200, 0, 255); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">(Andean Cat) || <span style="display: block; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">(Otorongo) || <span style="color: rgb(255, 132, 0); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">(Yellow tailed Woolly Monkey) || (Amazon Pink River Dolphin) || <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">(Vicugna) || <span style="display: block; color: rgb(0, 80, 255); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">(Amazonian manatee) || <span style="display: block; color: rgb(255, 0, 255); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">(tree toaded sloth) || <span style="display: block; color: rgb(228, 116, 98); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">(Short tailed chinchilla) || (Marvellous Spatulate Hummimgbird) || <span style="display: block; color: rgb(84, 150, 84); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">(Andean Condor) ||

<span style="display: block; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;">..................

media type="youtube" key="EMyBJ7Ebp-w" width="425" height="350"
 * Sources of information: ||
 * http://zipcodezoo.com/Animals/V/Vultur_gryphus/ ||
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ ||
 * http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/ ||
 * http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/ ||

Reviewed by GL = =

**__ The Origin of life __**
by: Fabrizio Eyzaguirre Ponce <span style="color: rgb(61, 0, 255); font-family: 'Century Gothic';">

<span style="color: rgb(61, 0, 255); font-family: 'Century Gothic';">1. How did Life Originate?
<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> The life originate by molecules 3.5 billions of years ago, when molecules have been assemble on the surface in a state of self-replicating. In Australia and Africa scientists have found the evidence of microfossils and ancient rock structures called <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">stromatolite s. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Century Gothic';">The life originated in a series of small steps more slowly through the time, from the next form: 1. Simple organic molecules were formed 2. Replicating molecules evolved and began to undergo natural selection.

3. Replicating molecules became enclosed within a cell membrane 4. Some cells began to evolve modern metabolic processes and out-competed those with older forms of metabolism. 5. Multicellularity evolved. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);"> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-family: 'Century Gothic';">

<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-family: 'Century Gothic';">2. What are the Theories of Life Generation?
<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Century Gothic';"> The theories are the next: --**Theory from the spontaneous generation**: This theory assumed that living organisms could arrive suddenly and spontaneously from any kind of non-living thing. Aristotle, the Greek philosopher (384-322 B.C.), was the main believer of this theory. This theory was disproved by Francisco Redi (1665), Spalanzani (1765) and Louis Pasteur (1864). They proved scientifically that the life comes from pre-existent life. --**Theory of Catastrophist:** This theory forms parting the special theory from the creation by God. A French scientist Georges Culiver (1769-1832) and Orbigney (1802-1837) were the main protectors of this theory. --**Cosmozic Theory**: According to the theory the life comes from other celestial bodies in resistents spores form other organic molecules. Ritchen (1865 and Arrhenics (1908) support this theory, but this theory was discarded because it lucks evidence. --**Theory of chemical evolution**: In this theory, the origin of life on Earth comes from the chemical evolution, slow and gradual that it produces about 3.8 billions of years ago. The scientific Oparin (Russian, 1923) and Haldane (English, 1928) propused this theory from independent form. In this theory, the solar radiation has been the chief energy source to this chemic reactions form life. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">

<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">3. How were these theories proved right and wrong?
These theories were supported by scientifics doing chemical experiments, searching evidence and information. Then, they analyze their results and concluded if this theory is right or wrong. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-family: 'Century Gothic';">

<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-family: 'Century Gothic';">4. Which one do you think is correct? Justify your answer.
<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Century Gothic';"> I<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> think that the correct theory is **the theory of chemical evolution**. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Because it proves how the life created millions of years ago in a form more scientifically. Meanwhile the others had discarded by scientists because they had no evidence about these theories. __<span style="color: rgb(255, 67, 0);">The Origin of life on Earth - video __ media type="youtube" key="Vgh2E-b8E2g" height="344" width="425"

__Sources of information:__ - [] - [] - []